Training The Linux Foundation

Training goals

code: LFD435

This 4 days course is designed to show experienced programmers how to develop device drivers for embedded Linux systems, and give them a basic understanding and familiarity with the Linux kernel.

Upon mastering this material, you will be familiar with the different kinds of device drivers used under Linux and have an introduction to many of the appropriate APIs to be used when writing a device driver.

While we will discuss kernel internals and algorithms, we will examine deeply only the functions which are normally used in device drivers. More details on things such as scheduling, memory management, etc., belong more properly in a different, kernel-focused course.

Conspect Show list

  1. Introduction
    • Objectives
    • Who You Are
    • The Linux Foundation
    • Linux Foundation Training
    • Certification Programs and Digital Badging
    • Linux Distributions
    • Preparing Your System
    • Things change in Linux
    • Documentation and Links
  2. Preliminaries
    • Procedures
    • Kernel Versions
    • Kernel Sources and Use of git
    • Hardware
  3. How to Work in OSS Projects **
    • Overview on How to Contribute Properly
    • Stay Close to Mainline for Security and Quality
    • Study and Understand the Project DNA
    • Figure Out What Itch You Want to Scratch
    • Identify Maintainers and Their Work Flows and Methods
    • Get Early Input and Work in the Open
    • Contribute Incremental Bits, Not Large Code Dumps
    • Leave Your Ego at the Door: Don’t Be Thin-Skinned
    • Be Patient, Develop Long Term Relationships, Be Helpful
  4. Cross-Development Toolchain
    • The Compiler Triplet
    • Built-in Linux Distribution Cross Compiler
    • Linaro
    • CodeSourcery
    • crosstool-ng
    • Buildroot
    • OpenEmbedded
    • Yocto Project
    • Labs
  5. QEMU
    • What is QEMU?
    • Emulated Architectures
    • Image Formats
    • Why use QEMU?
    • Labs
  6. Basic Target Development Board from uSD
    • Why do we use uSD cards?
    • Getting SW onto a uSD card
    • Why is using uSD cards a bad idea?
    • Labs
  7. Booting a Target Development Board over Ethernet
    • Using virtual Hardware
    • An easier way to develop
    • Objectives of the Lab
    • Labs
  8. Kernel Configuration, Compilation, Booting
    • Configuring the Kernel for the Development Board
    • Labs
  9. Device Drivers
    • Types of Devices
    • Mechanism vs. Policy
    • Avoiding Binary Blobs
    • Power Management
    • How Applications Use Device Drivers
    • Walking Through a System Call Accessing a Device
    • Error Numbers
    • printk()
    • devres: Managed Device Resources
    • Labs
  10. Modules and Device Drivers
    • The module_driver() Macros
    • Modules and Hot Plug
    • Labs
  11. Memory Management and Allocation
    • Virtual and Physical Memory
    • Memory Zones
    • Page Tables
    • kmalloc()
    • __get_free_pages()
    • vmalloc()
    • Slabs and Cache Allocations
    • Labs
  12. Character Devices
    • Device Nodes
    • Major and Minor Numbers
    • Reserving Major/Minor Numbers
    • Accessing the Device Node
    • Registering the Device
    • udev
    • dev_printk() and Associates
    • file_operations Structure
    • Driver Entry Points
    • The file and inode Structures
    • Miscellaneous Character Drivers
    • Labs
  13. Kernel Features
    • Components of the Kernel
    • User-Space vs. Kernel-Space
    • What are System Calls?
    • Available System Calls
    • Scheduling Algorithms and Task Structures
    • Process Context
    • Labs
  14. Transferring Between User and Kernel Space
    • Transferring Between Spaces
    • put(get)_user() and copy_to(from)_user()
    • Direct Transfer: Kernel I/O and Memory Mapping
    • Kernel I/O
    • Mapping User Pages
    • Memory Mapping
    • User-Space Functions for mmap()
    • Driver Entry Point for mmap()
    • Accessing Files from the Kernel
    • Labs
  15. Platform Drivers
    • What are Platform Drivers?
    • Main Data Structures
    • Registering Platform Devices
    • An Example
    • Hardcoded Platform Data
    • The New Way: Device Trees
    • Labs
  16. Device Trees
    • What are Device Trees?
    • What Device Trees Do and What They Do Not Do
    • Device Tree Syntax
    • Device Tree Walk Through
    • Device Tree Bindings
    • Device Tree support in Boot Loaders
    • Using Device Tree Data in Drivers
    • Coexistence and Conversion of Old Drivers
    • Labs
  17. Interrupts and Exceptions
    • What are Interrupts and Exceptions?
    • Exceptions
    • Asynchronous Interrupts
    • MSI
    • Enabling/Disabling Interrupts
    • What You Cannot Do at Interrupt Time
    • IRQ Data Structures
    • Installing an Interrupt Handler
    • Labs
  18. Timing Measurements
    • Kinds of Timing Measurements
    • Jiffies
    • Getting the Current Time
    • Clock Sources
    • Real Time Clock
    • Programmable Interval Timer
    • Time Stamp Counter
    • HPET
    • Going Tickless
  19. Kernel Timers
    • Inserting Delays
    • What are Kernel Timers?
    • Low Resolution Timer Functions
    • Low Resolution Timer Implementation
    • High Resolution Timers
    • Using High Resolution Timers
    • Labs
  20. ioctls
    • What are ioctls?
    • Driver Entry point for ioctls
    • Locked and Lockless ioctls
    • Defining ioctls
    • Labs
  21. Unified Device Model and sysfs
    • Unified Device Model
    • Basic Structures
    • Real Devices
    • sysfs
    • kset and kobject examples
    • Labs
  22. Firmware
    • What is Firmware?
    • Loading Firmware
    • Labs
  23. Sleeping and Wait Queues
    • What are Wait Queues?
    • Going to Sleep and Waking Up
    • Going to Sleep Details
    • Exclusive Sleeping
    • Waking Up Details
    • Polling
    • Labs
  24. Interrupt Handling: Deferrable Functions and User Drivers
    • Top and Bottom Halves
    • Softirqs
    • Tasklets
    • Work Queues
    • New Work Queue API
    • Creating Kernel Threads
    • Threaded Interrupt Handlers
    • Interrupt Handling in User-Space
    • Labs
  25. Hardware I/O
    • Memory Barriers
    • Allocating and Mapping I/O Memory
    • Accessing I/O Memory
  26. Direct Memory Access (DMA)**
    • What is DMA?
    • DMA Directly to User
    • DMA and Interrupts
    • DMA Memory Constraints
    • DMA Masks
    • DMA API
    • DMA Pools
    • Scatter/Gather Mappings
    • Labs
  27. Memory Technology Devices (Flash Memory Filesystems)
    • What are MTD Devices?
    • NAND vs. NOR vs. eMMC
    • Driver and User Modules
    • Flash Filesystems
    • Labs
  28. USB Drivers
    • What is USB?
    • USB Topology
    • Terminology
    • Endpoints
    • Descriptors
    • USB Device Classes
    • USB Support in Linux
    • Registering USB Device Drivers
    • Moving Data
    • Example of a USB Driver
    • Labs
  29. Closing and Evaluation Survey
    • Evaluation Survey

** These sections may be considered in part or in whole as optional. They contain either background reference material, specialized topics, or advanced subjects. The instructor may choose to cover or not cover them depending on classroom experience and time constraints.

 

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Additional information

Prerequisites

To make the most of this course, you must have:

Knowledge of basic kernel interfaces and methods such as how to write, compile, load and unload modules, use synchronization primitives, and the basics of memory allocation and management, such as is provided by LFD420 (Kernel Internals and Development).

Difficulty level
Duration 4 days
Certificate

The participants will obtain certificates signed by The Linux Foundation.

Trainer

Certified The Linux Foundation Trainer.

Other training The Linux Foundation | Embedded Linux

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